??? ?? ?? ???????????????? ?? ???????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????????? ?? ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????????? ?????????????????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????????????? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

Microneedle patches have emerged as a novel drug delivery system, offering a minimally invasive and pain-free alternative to traditional injection methods. These adhesive patches are comprised of tiny needles embedded in a substrate matrix that gradually dissolves upon application to the skin. The microneedles penetrate the stratum corneum, the out